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	== Command Output ==		== Command Output ==

Admin: Created page with "Category:Wiki == Command Output == When you run `top`, the output is divided into two sections: * Summary Area: Displays overall system information. * Task Area: Displays a list of running processes. === Summary Area === The top part of the display shows summary information about the system, including: * uptime: Time the system has been running. * user tasks: Number of user processes. * system tasks: Number of system processes. * **load averag..."

2025-12-14T07:43:29Z

Created page with "Category:Wiki == Command Output == When you run `top`, the output is divided into two sections: * **Summary Area**: Displays overall system information. * **Task Area**: Displays a list of running processes. === Summary Area === The top part of the display shows summary information about the system, including: * **uptime**: Time the system has been running. * **user tasks**: Number of user processes. * **system tasks**: Number of system processes. * **load averag..."

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[[Category:Wiki]]

== Command Output ==
When you run `top`, the output is divided into two sections:

* **Summary Area**: Displays overall system information.
* **Task Area**: Displays a list of running processes.

=== Summary Area ===
The top part of the display shows summary information about the system, including:

* **uptime**: Time the system has been running.
* **user tasks**: Number of user processes.
* **system tasks**: Number of system processes.
* **load averages**: System load over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes.
* **CPU usage**: Percentage of CPU time spent on user, system, and idle tasks.
* **Memory usage**: Physical memory usage statistics.
* **Swap usage**: Swap space usage statistics.

=== Task Area ===
The task area displays the list of running processes with columns such as:

* **PID**: Process ID.
* **USER**: User owning the process.
* **PR**: Process priority.
* **NI**: Nice value.
* **VIRT**: Virtual memory used by the process.
* **RES**: Resident memory (non-swapped physical memory).
* **SHR**: Shared memory.
* **S**: Process status (e.g., sleeping, running, stopped).
* **%CPU**: Percentage of CPU usage by the process.
* **%MEM**: Percentage of memory usage by the process.
* **TIME+**: Total CPU time used by the process.
* **COMMAND**: The command that started the process.

== Interactive Commands ==
`top` is highly interactive. Some common keyboard commands while `top` is running:

* **h**: Display help for interactive commands.
* **q**: Quit `top`.
* **P**: Sort processes by CPU usage.
* **M**: Sort processes by memory usage.
* **N**: Sort processes by process ID.
* **T**: Sort processes by time.
* **r**: Change the priority (nice value) of a process.
* **k**: Kill a process (requires PID).
* **c**: Toggle between showing the command line or just the process name.
* **1**: Display CPU statistics for each CPU/core (in multi-core systems).
* **s**: Change the update interval.
* **u**: Display processes by a specific user.

== Flags and Arguments ==
`top` accepts various flags and arguments for customized usage. Some useful ones include:

* `-d <seconds>`: Set the delay between screen updates in seconds.
<nowiki>
top -d 2 </nowiki>

* `-u <user>`: Show processes for a specific user.
<nowiki>
top -u username </nowiki>

* `-n <number>`: Set the number of updates before `top` exits.
<nowiki>
top -n 5 </nowiki>

* `-b`: Start `top` in batch mode (useful for logging).
<nowiki>
top -b -n 10 > top_output.txt </nowiki>

* `-p <pid>`: Monitor a specific process by its PID.
<nowiki>
top -p 1234</nowiki>

== Customizing the Display ==
You can customize the appearance and data displayed in `top` using the `fields` option. To interactively adjust the display, press **f** while `top` is running to show available fields. You can toggle different fields on and off.

=== Changing Display Fields ===
To change which columns appear in `top`, press **f** and select the fields you wish to add or remove. A list of available fields will appear, such as:

* **PID**
* **USER**
* **PRIORITY**
* **TIME+**
* **%MEM**
* **%CPU**
* **COMMAND**

=== Changing Update Interval ===
To modify the screen update interval, press **s** and specify the delay (in seconds).

== Batch Mode ==
In batch mode, `top` outputs information to the terminal or a file without the interactive user interface. This is useful for logging or monitoring processes over time.

<nowiki>
top -b -n 1 > top_output.txt</nowiki>

The above command will output the current `top` data to a file named `top_output.txt` after one update cycle.

== Example Usage ==
* Show top processes, sorted by CPU usage, with 1-second updates:
<nowiki>
top -d 1 -o %CPU</nowiki>

* Display top processes for a specific user:
<nowiki>
top -u john</nowiki>

* Start `top` in batch mode for 5 iterations:
<nowiki>
top -b -n 5</nowiki>

* Display information for a single process:
<nowiki>
top -p 1234</nowiki>

== Advanced Options ==
There are several advanced options that allow further customization and interaction with `top`:

* `-I`: Display only idle processes.
* `-i`: Display only active processes.
* `-H`: Show threads for each process.
* `-c`: Display full command lines instead of just the command names.

TOP - Basic Usage - Revision history

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